lesson plan ko kay maam geronimo

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Define classification;
2. Identify Plato’s theories of universals;
3. Differentiate the four types of similarity in descending order of usefulness;
4. Understand the importance of classification in philosophy.

II. Subject Matter
A. Topic: Classification
B. References:
1. Philosophy of Science by Caus
2. Microsoft Encarta Premium Suite 2005
3. http://www.google.com
C. Instructional Materials:
1. cartolina
2. black marker
3. tape / double – adhesives

III. Learning Strategies
A. Daily Routine:
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Checking of attendance
B. Review of past lesson:
1. What is language?
2. Why is language important in the study if philosophy?
C. Motivation
The teacher will ask two students to volunteer for the said activity. While the two volunteers are standing in front of the class, the rest of the class will compare them in terms of physical, social , and other attributes.
The activity will test the student’s ability to compare, which is a very useful tool in classification.
D. Lesson Proper
What is classification?
Classification is the distinction, identification, and organization of two or more items, information, and facts according to their similarities which are determined through comparison. It gives a closer view on the link between the objects being compared.
According to Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, no two things are “ever exactly alike” that if ever there would be two objects which were so alike that they could not be told apart, they would be the same object. There is always an essential dissimilarity even in a pair of apparently identical objects.

Plato’s theory of universals:
1. Theory of “universalia ante rem” (universals before the things)
The link between members of a class is that they are all imitations of an archetype which existed before the world as we know it was made.
2. Theory of “universalia in re” (universals in the things)
Everything is a combination of two things, form and matter.
3. Theory of “universalia post rem” (universals after the things)
Nothing general exists, only particulars.

Four types of similarity (in descending order of usefulness for purposes of identification):
1. Genetic similarity – similarity of objects having similar origins
2. Structural similarity – similarity of objects having similar constituent parts
3. Functional similarity – similarity of objects having similar behavior
4. Apparent similarity – similarity of objects having similar external features

IV. Generalization
1. What is classification?
2. Enumerate Plato’s theories of universals and explain each.
3. Differentiate the four types of similarity in descending order of usefulness for purposes of identification.
V. Evaluation
For the teacher to test whether the students understood the lesson, the following examination will be given:

Test I. Multiple Choice
1. It is the distinction, identification, and organization of two or more items, information, and facts according to their similarities which are determined through comparison.
a. classification c. identification
b. comparison d. similarity
2. According to Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, no two things are “ever exactly alike” that if ever there were two objects which were so alike, that they could not be told apart, they would be the same object.
a. Plato c. Socrates
b. G. W. Leibniz d. Wittgenstein
3. The link between members of a class is that they are all imitations of an archetype which existed before the world as we know it was made.
a. universalia in re c. universalia per rem
b. universalia post rem d. universalia ante rem
4. Nothing general exists, only particulars.
a. universalia in re c. universalia per rem
b. universalia post rem d. universalia ante rem
5. Everything is a combination of two things, form and matter.
a. universalia in re c. universalia per rem
b. universalia post rem d. universalia ante rem

Test II. Identification.
6. What is G. W. Leibniz’s full name? Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
7. similarity of objects having similar constituent parts Structural similarity
8. similarity of objects having similar behavior Functional similarity
9. similarity of objects having similar external features Apparent similarity
10. similarity of objects having similar origins Genetic similarity