written report ko na kinopy paste lng talaga

Laguna State Polytechnic University
Sta. Cruz, Laguna




















A written report submitted in partial fulfillment of the course requirements in Philosophy and History of Science (Physics M1)

















Submitted by:
Joshua Vir Aldrew A. Porca

Submitted to:
Prof. Vilma M. Geronimo
Lesson Proper

What is classification?
Classification is the distinction, identification, and organization of two or more items, information, and facts according to their similarities which are determined through comparison. It gives a closer view on the link between the objects being compared.
According to Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, no two things are “ever exactly alike” that if ever there would be two objects which were so alike that they could not be told apart, they would be the same object. There is always an essential dissimilarity even in a pair of apparently identical objects.

Plato’s theory of universals

1. Theory of “universalia ante rem” (universals before the things)
The link between members of a class is that they are all imitations of an archetype which existed before the world as we know it was made.
2. Theory of “universalia in re” (universals in the things)
Everything is a combination of two things, form and matter.
3. Theory of “universalia post rem” (universals after the things)
Nothing general exists, only particulars.

Four types of similarity (in descending order of usefulness for purposes of identification)
1. Genetic similarity – similarity of objects having similar origins
2. Structural similarity – similarity of objects having similar constituent parts
3. Functional similarity – similarity of objects having similar behavior
4. Apparent similarity – similarity of objects having similar external features